Computer Workstation Ergonomics

Computer workstations are widely used throughout society and have become an invaluable tool for processing information. As with all tools, computer workstations present potential risks from their use and misuse. Studies indicate that operators are prone to a host of ailments, broadly defined as Cumulative Trauma Disorders (CTDs). The cost to industry is reflected in increased insurance premiums, disability payments and lost productivity. One estimate puts the workers’ compensation costs associated with CTDs at over $7 billion per year. These health problems can largely be avoided through proper workstation design and work practices.

Ergonomic Benefits

Ergonomics is devoted to designing jobs and work environments that maximize employee effectiveness while minimizing the potential for injury. The benefits of implementing an ergonomics program include the following:

• Reducing injuries and illnesses
• Lowering employee turnover
• Reducing workers’ compensation claims
• Increasing employee productivity
• Reducing absenteeism
• Improving employee morale

Computer Workstation Design

An ergonomic assessment of a computer workstation addresses video display terminals, chair adjustability, work environment, ergonomic training and work practices. The first factors to consider when designing a computer workstation are adjustability and support. Start with a fully adjustable chair that provides adequate support, which will allow the operator to maintain a comfortable upright position. The chair height should be set such that the operator’s knees are at a right angle, with both feet planted on the floor. A foot rest can help achieve this position if necessary. It is also beneficial to provide chairs with arm rests, which offer operators additional support when performing other work tasks.

The computer table should be set at a height that is level with the operator’s elbows. Ideally, the operator’s forearms should be parallel to the floor. The operator’s elbows, like his or her knees, should be positioned at a right angle. The keyboard and mouse should be positioned to maintain a neutral wrist position. An adjustable keyboard tray can help maintain a neutral wrist posture.

The viewing height and visibility of the screen are also major ergonomic considerations. The top of the screen should be set slightly below eye level, at 10 to 20 percent below the horizon. This allows the operator to view the center of the screen at a position that does not strain the neck and shoulders. Screen illumination should be set to the highest possible contrast, and the screen should be positioned for minimum glare. Using a glare screen and keeping the screen clean can dramatically enhance visibility. Focal length to the screen varies per individual, but is normally between 20 and 24 inches for minimal eyestrain.

An often ignored aspect of workstation fitness is taking adequate rest breaks. A break from typing of two to three minutes is recommended for every hour spent at the keyboard. The break should be spent performing any activity except typing. The break will also allow eyes to re-focus and the body to get a much-needed stretch.

If employees experience discomfort related to their work areas, they should be instructed to notify their managers as soon as possible. Early intervention with assistance from ergonomic specialists and qualified medical providers can help to reduce the potential for a more costly workers’ compensation claim. An ergonomic assessment of the affected employee’s work areas should be performed in order to identify changes that can be made in workplace conditions. Many changes can be made with little or no cost to the employer. If minor adjustments to the work area and routine tasks do not improve the situation, the employer should investigate the possibility of providing alternative equipment and changes in operations in order to eliminate the problem. A follow-up survey should be performed after the changes have been made in order to confirm that comfort levels have significantly improved and that no more changes are required.

Computer Workstation Checklist

Chair

• Adjustable, with adequate support
• Height: Set so that the operator’s knees are at a right angle and feet are planted on the floor
• Foot Rest: Can be used to achieve the position described above
• Arm Rests: Provide additional support

Computer Table

• Height: Level with operator’s elbows

Screen

• Height: Set top of screen slightly below eye level, at 10 to 20 percent below the horizon
• Illumination: Set to highest possible contrast and position screen for minimum glare
• Focal Length: Between 20 and 24 inches

Rest Breaks

• For every hour spent at the keyboard, a two to three minute break is recommended

Keyboard/Mouse

• Positioned so wrists remain in neutral position.

XL Environmental • Risk Control Division • 520 Eagleview Boulevard, PO Box 636, Exton, PA 19341 • Phone: 800-327-1414 • Fax: 610-458-7285 • xlenvironmental.com

XL Environmental is a division of XL Specialty Insurance Company.